PHP - Cookies

                       Cookie is a file. It is used to identify the user. All of you see the login form with remember me check box. When you click it, it store your name in cookie. You can login again, when you open the page in your browser, even if you signout and close the browser. The cookie keep the information until it expired.

Cookies in php:

                       In php, you can

                                    1. Create cookies,

                                    2. Retrieve cookies,

                                    3. Delete cookies.

Create cookies in php:

                      setcookie() is used to create cookies in php. The syntax for create cookies as follows as:

                         setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain)

     where,

                 - name is name of the cookie.

                 - value is value kept by cookie.

                 - expire is when the cookie expired. It is defined by time() + 60*60*24*30 (cookie set for 30 days). If set the expire is 0 or not defined, then the cookie is expired when close the session.

                 - path refers where the cookie is available. If the set '/', then the cookie will be available on whole domain. If you want to set cookies only particular folder, then you've to set path '/foldername/'. You can set for sub-folder too like '/folder/sub-folder/'. If it is not set, the cookies will be available only on current directory.

                 - domain refers where the cookies is available.

 Consider the following example:          

<?php    
          setcookie('name','guru', time()+ (60*5) );
?>

 where,
           - name is name of guru.
           - guru is the cookie values.
           - time()+ (60*5) means cookies expired after 5 minutes. If you want to set cookies in days, then use
time() + (60*60*24*1) where set expiration time for 1 day.
       

Retrieve cookies in php:

                         S_COOKIE['name'] is used to retrieve the cookie in php. Consider the following example:

<?php    
          setcookie('name','guru', time()+ (60*5) );
          echo $_COOKIE['name'];
?>

                   
             Now you'll get output:     guru

Delete cookies in php: 

                   You can delete the cookies by set expire time is past in php. Consider following example in php:

welcome.php:

<?php    
          setcookie('name','guru', time()+ (60*5) );
          echo $_COOKIE['name'];
          echo'<a href="signout.php">Signout</a>';
?>

 signout.php:

<?php    
           setcookie('name','guru',time() - (60*5));
  header('location:welcome.php');
?>

                When you run the welcome.php, your output like this:

                       guru
                       signout

                  When you click the signout, it delete cookies and navigates to welcome.php. Now you'll get output like below:

              signout

Related Post:

PHP - session
How to store value in session in PHP
How to destroy session in PHP
How to store multiple values into session in PHP

Retrieve data from mysql table using php

                       We are going to see how can fetch the result from mysql table using php.
             1. First you need to connect your Mysql database using php script like below:

mysql_connect('server_name','username','password');
mysql_select_db('db_name');

where,
           - server_name means localhost,
           - username is username of your database
           - password is password of your database
           - db_name is name of your database

          2. Then select the values which is present is table using mysql query.
              " SELECT * FROM table_name "
Use above query, if you select all values in table. Otherwise you need to use 'WHERE' clause to retrieve desired data from table.

          3. Then you have to use MYSQL function to retrieve data from table such as mysql_fetch_array(), mysql_fetch_row(), and mysql_assoc.
          where, 
                   mysql_fetch_array() returns row as numeric array, associative array or both.
                   mysql_fetch_row() returns numeric array corresponds to fetched row.
                   mysql_fetch_assoc() returns row as an associative array.

Consider following example:


                    

Fetch results from mysql table using mysql_fetch_array() in php:

<html>
<body>
<table>
<th>Game_ID</th><th>Category</th><th>Title</th>
<?php
mysql_connect('localhost','root','') or die(mysql_error());
mysql_select_db('new') or die(mysql_error());
$query=mysql_query('select * from table1')  or die(mysql_error());
while($res=mysql_fetch_array($query))
{
  echo'<tr><td>'.$res['game_ID'].'</td><td>'.$res[1].'</td><td>'.$res['game_Title'].'</td></tr>';
}
echo'<table>';
?>
</body>
</html>

         Now you'll get output like this:

Fetch result from mysql table using mysql_fetch_row() in php:

<html>
<body>
<table>
<th>Game_ID</th><th>Category</th><th>Title</th>
<?php
mysql_connect('localhost','root','') or die(mysql_error());
mysql_select_db('new') or die(mysql_error());
$query=mysql_query('select * from table1') or die(mysql_error());
while($res=mysql_fetch_row($query))
{
  echo'<tr><td>'.$res[0].'</td><td>'.$res[1].'</td><td>'.$res[2].'</td></tr>';
}
echo'<table>';
?>
</body>
</html>

           Now you'll get output like this:

       
      Suppose you'll use
echo'<tr><td>'.$res[0].'</td><td>'.$res[1].'</td><td>'.$res['game_Title'].'</td></tr>';

That means you use associative index instead numerical, then you will get undefined index error like as follows as:

Fetch results from mysql table using mysql_fetch_assoc() in php:

<html>
<body>
<table>
<th>Game_ID</th><th>Category</th><th>Title</th>
<?php
mysql_connect('localhost','root','')  or die(mysql_error());
mysql_select_db('new')  or die(mysql_error());
$query=mysql_query('select * from table1')  or die(mysql_error());
while($res=mysql_fetch_assoc($query))
{
  echo'<tr><td>'.$res['game_ID'].'</td><td>'.$res['category_Name'].'</td><td>'.$res['game_Title'].'</td></tr>';
}
echo'<table>';
?>
</body>
</html>

           Now you'll get output like this:

 Suppose you'll use
echo'<tr><td>'.$res[0].'</td><td>'.$res['category_Name'].'</td><td>'.$res['game_Title'].'</td></tr>';

That means you use numeric index instead associative, then you will get undefined offset error like as follows as:

          Finally you can retrieve data from mysql table using php.

mysql_fetch_array in php and mysql

                        Mysql_fetch_array() returns row as an associative, numeric array or both based on parameters passed in it. Three types of parameters can be passed in mysql_fetch_array function.
                 
  1. MYSQL_BOTH - return both associative and numeric array
  2. MYSQL_ASSOC - return associative array
  3. MYSQL_NUM - return numeric array

Retrieve data from table using mysql_fetch_array() in php:

Consider following example:

                     

Mysql_fetch_array() with MYSQL_BOTH in php:

                       It returns  result as both associative and numeric array. You can retrieve data using both associative and numeric indices in php.

<html>
<body>
<table>
<th>Game_ID</th><th>Category</th><th>Title</th>
<?php
mysql_connect('localhost','root','')  or die(mysql_error());
mysql_select_db('new')  or die(mysql_error());
$query=mysql_query('select * from table1')  or die(mysql_error());
while($res=mysql_fetch_array($query, MYSQL_BOTH))
{
  echo'<tr><td>'.$res['game_ID'].'</td><td>'.$res[1].'</td><td>'.$res['game_Title'].'</td></tr>';
}
echo'<table>';
?>
</body>
</html>

         Now you'll get output like this:

Where,
          the array should be like this:

     Array(
                  [game_ID] => 1
                  [category_Name] => Adventures
                  [game_Title] => Achilles
               )

                        

                         OR

     Array(
                  [0] => 1
                  [1] => Adventures
                  [2] => Achilles
               )

mysql_fetch_array() with MYSQL_NUM in php:

                              It returns result as numeric array. ie, indices are numeric like 0,1,2...

<html>
<body>
<table>
<th>Game_ID</th><th>Category</th><th>Title</th>
<?php
mysql_connect('localhost','root','')  or die(mysql_error());
mysql_select_db('new')  or die(mysql_error());
$query=mysql_query('select * from table1')  or die(mysql_error());
while($res=mysql_fetch_array($query, MYSQL_NUM))
{
  echo'<tr><td>'.$res[0].'</td><td>'.$res[1].'</td><td>'.$res[2].'</td></tr>';
}
echo'<table>';
?>
</body>
</html>

           Now you'll get output like this:

In this type, the array of result should be like below:

     Array(
                  [0] => 1
                  [1] => Adventures
                  [2] => Achilles
               )

          Suppose you'll use
echo'<tr><td>'.$res[0].'</td><td>'.$res[1].'</td><td>'.$res['game_Title'].'</td></tr>';

That means you use associative index instead numerical, then you will get undefined index error like as follows as:

mysql_fetch_array() with MYSQL_ASSOC in php:

                             It returns result as an associative array.

<html>
<body>
<table>
<th>Game_ID</th><th>Category</th><th>Title</th>
<?php
mysql_connect('localhost','root','') or die(mysql_error());
mysql_select_db('new')  or die(mysql_error());
$query=mysql_query('select * from table1')  or die(mysql_error());
while($res=mysql_fetch_array($query,MYSQL_ASSOC))
 {
   echo'<tr><td>'.$res['game_ID'].'</td><td>'.$res['category_Name'].'</td><td>'.$res['game_Title'].'</td></tr>';
  }
 echo'<table>';
 ?>
</body>
</html>

           Now you'll get output like this:

Where,
            the array should be like this:
     Array(
                  [game_ID] => 1
                  [category_Name] => Adventures
                  [game_Title] => Achilles
               )

 Suppose you'll use

echo'<tr><td>'.$res[0].'</td><td>'.$res['category_Name'].'</td><td>'.$res['game_Title'].'</td></tr>';

That means you use numeric index instead associative, then you will get undefined offset error like as follows as:

Note:

          mysql_fetch_array() without array_type means return row as an associative, numeric array or both

Related Post:

Retrieve data from mysql database using mysql_fetch_row in php
Retrieve data from mysql table using mysql_fetch_assoc in php

mysql_fetch_row in php and mysql

                      Mysql_fetch_row()  return row as numeric array. We can't use associative indices to retrieve data from mysql table using php.

Consider following example:

                     

Retrieve data from table using mysql_fetch_row()  in php:

                       You can retrieve data from mysql table using  mysql_fetch_assoc() in php. The following php script is used for retrieve data.

<html>
<body>
<table>
<th>Game_ID</th><th>Category</th><th>Title</th>
<?php
mysql_connect('localhost','root','') or die(mysql_error());
mysql_select_db('new') or die(mysql_error());
$query=mysql_query('select * from table1') or die(mysql_error());
while($res=mysql_fetch_row($query))
{
  echo'<tr><td>'.$res[0].'</td><td>'.$res[1].'</td><td>'.$res[2].'</td></tr>';
}
echo'<table>';
?>
</body>
</html>

           Now you'll get output like this:

Where,
          the result of array should be like this:
             Array(
                         [0] => 1
                         [1] => Adventures
                         [2] => Achilles
                       )      

 Suppose you'll use following php script,
echo'<tr><td>'.$res[0].'</td><td>'.$res[1].'</td><td>'.$res['game_Title'].'</td></tr>';

That means you use associative index instead numerical, then you will get undefined index error like as follows as:

 Where,
              'game_Title' is the field name of column. You can't use $res['game_title'] here. Because you retrieved data from table using mysql_fetch_row().

Related Post:

Retrieve data from mysql database using mysql_fetch_assoc in php
Retrieve data from mysql database using mysql_fetch_array() in php